Afghanistan’s health care system has been struggling for years, and the suspension of international aid as a result of recent political developments has made things even worse. In Herat, Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is witnessing a worrisome increase in malnutrition. Here, former MSF project coordinator Mamman Mustapha discusses the situation.
What has the health situation looked like in Herat over the past couple of months, since the Taliban took over?
The health care system is at risk of collapsing across the whole country, including in Herat. Access to care was a major issue in Afghanistan well before the Taliban takeover, but today the situation has further degraded, as most international aid has been suspended, including the World Bank funding of the World Health Organization’s basic and essential care programs covering Herat’s province.
Health facilities in the area are either closing or reduced to providing minimum services with whatever residual resources are available. We have no idea what is going to happen to these facilities. People are jobless and poor, they cannot afford private care, some of the humanitarian organizations previously working in the area are yet to resume their activities in full.
Herat Regional Hospital, where MSF runs an inpatient therapeutic feeding center (ITFC), lost some of its key staff as the director and some of its most senior medical personnel left the country just before the fall of the city to the Taliban. The result has been a lack of governance in the hospital and many administrative challenges. Outside of the MSF-run ITFC, salaries have not been paid for five months, there are not enough medical supplies, and there is no money to pay for maintenance. Meanwhile, wards are full of patients.
In a nutshell, needs are everywhere and the system is failing.
Many, including the United Nations, have indicated that malnutrition is a major crisis at the moment in Afghanistan. What is MSF seeing in its nutrition program?
Our indicators show that malnutrition is indeed a major issue. I’d probably define it as a looming crisis that started well before the recent events. Between May and September 2021, we observed nearly a 40 percent increase in the number of admissions to our ITFC program compared to the same months in 2020. The malnutrition peak this year exceeded its usual levels in terms of both intensity and duration: we expected a decrease in September, whereas we actually observed a further increase in the number of cases.
Lately, the situation has become even worse. Our ITFC has been extremely busy, with over 60 new admissions each week, and the number of hospitalized patients reaching more than double our maximum capacity, which prompted the decision to increase the number of beds. Many of our patients and their families travel more than 15 kilometers [about 10 miles] to seek medical care, while some come from as far away as Badghis, Ghor, and Farah provinces, well over a hundred kilometers away.
There are probably several reasons for the increase of malnutrition in the area, most likely indicative of the broader situation in Afghanistan: a lack of functioning health facilities in the area, the economic downturn (with an up to 30 percent inflation rate on food items), the lack of liquidity and closing of banks, and a drought that is expected to persist throughout 2021.
The recent attacks in Kunduz and Kandahar were a shocking reminder that insecurity is still a concern. What is the security situation for MSF staff in Herat?
First and foremost, we endeavor to let the community know that we are there to provide medical assistance and not to take sides in any conflict. Our main assets are our impartiality and the quality of the services we provide, with respect to the local culture.
Having said that, the attacks in Kunduz and Kandahar were indeed shocking. They were claimed by the Islamic State in Khorasan Province (ISK), which has a history of targeting groups like Shia and Hazaras [both large communities that live in Herat], and—generally speaking—harmless civilians in the country. This threat may possibly have been exacerbated by the recent phase of instability.
We do our best to monitor the context and minimize the risk of being caught in an attack, while knowing that there is no way to completely eliminate such risk—which actually applies to anybody in Afghanistan, including in Herat.
